2019考研英语二真题及答案
Section I Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B，C or D on the ANSWER SHET(10 points)
Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant
weight fluctuations 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more
that it 2 .
As for me, weighing myself every day caused ma to shift my focus from being
generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to
my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking
only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That
conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.
I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the
hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a
month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training
program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.
For these 9 I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly
weighing schedule 10 .Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me
to ll my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and
12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training
program.
I use my bimonthly weight-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as
well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping
weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.
The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall
health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I
no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater
success in achieving my specific fitness goals. 19 I’m training according to those
goals, not the numbers on a scale.
Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you kook, feel, how
you clothes fit and your overall energy level.
1. A. Therefore
B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides
2. A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps
3. A solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A lowering B. explaining C.accepting D. recording
5. A. set B. review C.reach D.modify
6. A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D.definition
7. A. regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to
8. A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly
9. A.judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims
10. A. though B. again C.indeed D. instead
11. A. track B. overlook C.conceal D. report
12. A. approve of B. hold onto C.account for D. depend on
13. A. share B. adjust C. confirm D prepare
14. A. features B. rules C.tests D results
15. A anxious B. hungry C.sick D. bored
16. A. secret B belief C. sign D. principle
17. A. necessity B. decision C.wish D. request
18. A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing
19. A. because B. unless C.until D. if
20. A. dominating
B. puzzling C.triumphing D. obsessing
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by
choosing A, B，C or D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a
little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms.
Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time thatsuch statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This is why
researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good
thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply
uncomfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.
Yet this understanding is outdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking
about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve," says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology
researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger
recognition that emotions aren't binary -feelings that may be advantageous in one
context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have
evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can
encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words,
can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology
professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an
emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt
and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing Some kids
who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,
which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute
for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children Using caregiver
assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall
sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral
transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to
shared them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they
shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones
shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the
other child's deprivation
" That's good news, " Malti says. " We can be prosocial because we caused harm
and we feel regret.”
21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help____
A) foster a child's moral development
B) regulate a child's basic emotions
C) improve a child’s intellectual ability
D) intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be____
A) inexcusable
B) deception
C) addictive
D) burdensome
23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that
A)emotions air context-independent
B)an emotion can play opposing roles
C)emotion are socially constructive
D) emotional stability can benefit health
24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing
·
A. may help correct emotional deficiencies
B. can result from either sympathy or guilt
C. can bring about emotional satisfaction
D. may be the outcome of impulsive aets
25. The word "transgressions" (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to___
A. Teachings
B, discussions
C. Restrictions
D. D. wrongdoings
Text 2
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against
climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of thecarbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate
change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon
than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap . but it involves striking a subtle
balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable"carbon sinks" long into the future may
require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now, California is leading the way,as
it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young
trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying
capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so
they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air.
Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less
easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.
The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010,drought
and insects have killed over 100million trees in California, most of them in 2016
alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,00 by
2030- financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions, That's
only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in
all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the
forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that
would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is
already under way.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally
they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only
recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.
Califormia's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should
serve as a model.
26. By saying "one of the harder challenges ,"the author implies that_
A. global climate change may get out of control
B. people may misunderstand global warming
C. extreme weather conditions may arise
D. forests may become a potential threat
27. To maintain forests as valuable "carbon sinks," we may need to_A. preserve the diversity of species in them
B. accelerate the growth of young trees
C. strike a balance among different plants
D. lower their present carbon- absorbing capacity
28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to
A. cultivate more drought-resistant trees
B. reduce the density of some of its forests
C. find more effective ways to kill insects
D. restore its forests quickly after wildfires
29. What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5?
A. To handle the areas in serious danger first
B. To carry it out before the year of 2020
C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.
D. To obtain enough financial support
30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as___.
A. Ambiguous
B. Tolerant
C. Supportive
D. cautious
Text 3
American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several
years.The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules
for farm works.
Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for
agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change
jobs within the industry.If this doesn’t change.American businesses.communities, and
consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such
workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are
changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more
likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single,
They're also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were
over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies.
One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it's been all
along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.
Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet, at least. Production of
com,cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many
high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy
farms,where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they ' re
automated.
As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers
using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests
for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than
doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural
work which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t
given all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive,and unreliable.
One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on
the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which
remove some workers and drive others underground.
In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin
and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have
responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the
fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of
imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.
In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.
31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?
A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.
B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.
D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.
32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_
A. the rising number of illegal immigrants
B. the high mobility of crop workers
C. the lack of experienced laborers
D. the aging of immigrant farm workers
33, What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S farming?
A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.
C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.
D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.
34, Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its
A. slow granting procedures
B. limit on duration of stay
C. tightened requirements
D. control of annual admissions
35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?
A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?
B. Import Food or Labor?
C. America Saved by Mexico?
D. Manpower vs. Automation?
Text 4
Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you:
It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video
for World Environment Day encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your
single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.
The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do
include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the
overarching message is directed at individuals.
My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of
what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or
quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us.
They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever
progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions a kind of "moral licensing"
that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it
remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power
that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as"citizens"
hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority - or
even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People
Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre
argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of
people is for the change to be structural.
This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to
environmentally problematic action,or banning single-use plastics altogether. India
has just announced it will "eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022."
There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier,
such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment. It's just
that individual actions are too slow,she says, for that to be the only, or even primary,
approach to changing widespread behavior.
None of this is about writing off the individual, It's just about putting things into
perspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape
collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens
pushing for change.
36. Some celebrities star in a new video to
A. demand new laws on the use of plastics
B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
D. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
37. The author is concerned that moral licensing" may
A. mislead us into doing worthless things
B. prevent us from making further efforts
C. weaken our sense of accomplishment
D. suppress our desire for success
38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,",the author indicates that
A; our focus should be shifted to community welfare
B: our relationship with local industries is improving
C: We have been actively exercising our civil rights
D: We should press our government to lead the combat
39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be
A: a win-win arrangement
B: a self-driven mechanism
C: a cost-effective approach
D: a top down process
40. The author concludes that individual efforts
A: can be too aggressive
B: can be too inconsistentC: are far from sufficient
D: are far from rational
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading
from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
In choosing a new home, Camille MeClain's kids have a single demand: a
backyard.
MeClain's little ones aren't the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to
housing, and in many cases youngsters' views weigh heavily on parents' real estate
decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.
While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark
about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about
the financial, personal and long-term effects kids' opinions may have.
The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help
them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process,
said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.
"Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves,
especially if it removes them from their current school or support system," he said.
Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said
he's not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home --- but their
opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities,
if possible,
Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home—without actually
getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New
York.
Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential
home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making process,
Bailey said.
Many of the aspects of home buying aren't a consideration for children, said
Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too
much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase."Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but
I wouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions." Hampson said.
The other issue is that many children - especially older ones--may base their real
estate knowledge on HGTV shows,said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in
Riverside ,Calif
“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us," he said.
“HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It's not shelter , it's a
lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences."
Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them
personally, Norris said.
Parents need to remind their children that their needs. and desires may change
over time, said Julie Gumer, a real estate analyst with FitSmallBusincss.com.
"Their opinions can change tomorrow," Gurner said. "Harsh as it may be to say,
that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions, but rather
made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs
best--and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own."
This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to
embrace the ideas of their children,despite the current housing crunch.
A. remarks that significant moves may
pose challenges to children.
41, Ryan Hooper
B. says that it is wise to leave kids in the
dark about real estate decisions.
42. Adam Bailey
C. advises that home purchases should
not be based only on children's opinions.
43, Tracey Hampson
D. thinks that children should be given a
sense of involvement in homebuying
decisions.
44. Aaron Norris
E. notes that aspects like children's
friends and social activities should be
considered upon home buying.
45, Julie Gumner
F. believes that home buying decisions
should be based on children's needs ratherthan their opinions.
G. assumes that many children's views on
real estate are influenced by the media.
Section II Translation
46.Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the
ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot, He had such a pleasant,
readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have
I heard people say "I could write a book. I just haven't the time." Easily said. Not so
easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his
early days of, as he put it, " having a go at the writing game " . While he obviously
had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world
was the result of years of practising. Re-writing and reading. Like the majority of
authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but
these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life
was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.
Section IV Writing
Part A
Directions: Suppose professor Smith ask you to plan a debate on the theme of
city traffic, write an email to him.
1) Suggest a topic and with your reasons,
2) And your arrangement,
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Don't use your own name, use "Zhang Wei"instead. Don't write your address.(10
points)
Part B
Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)英语二参考答案
Section I Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B，C or D on the ANSWER SHET(10 points)
参考答案：
1. C However
2. D helps
3. A solely
4. A. Lowering
5. C. reach
6. A. Depiction
7. D. due to
8. C. Immediate
9. B. Reasons
10. D. instead
11. A. track
12. C.account for
13. B. Adjust
14. D. results
15. B. Hungry
16. C. Sign
17. B. Decision
18. D. Disappointing
19. A. Because
20. D. ObsessingSection II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,
B，C or D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
参考答案：
21. A foster a child's moral development
22. D burdensome
23. B an emotion can play opposing roles
24. B. can result from either sympathy or guilt
25. D. wrongdoings
Text 2
参考答案：
26. D. forests may become a potential threat
27. D.lower their present carbon- absorbing capacity
28. B. reduce the density of some of its forest
29. A. To handle the areas in serious danger first
30. C. Supportive
Text 3
参考答案：
31. C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers
32. D. the aging of immigrant farm workers
33. B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming
34. A. slow granting procedures
35. B. Import Food or Labor?
Text 4
参考答案：
36. B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
37. B. prevent us from making further efforts
38. D: We should press our government to lead the combat
39. D: a top-down process
40. C: are far from sufficient
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable
heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your
answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
参考答案：
41. A 42. D 43. C 44. G 45. F
Section II Translation
46.Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the
ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
[参考译文]
我们很容易低估英国作家古米·哈利。他有着一种令人愉快的、可读的风
格，有人认为这种风格任何人都可以模仿得来。很多次我听到人们说:“我能写一
本书，我只是没时间。”说起来容易，做起来难。然面与大家通常所想的不同，
正如吉米:哈利所言，他在早年觉得“尝试写作游戏"并非易事。显然，即便他极
具写作天赋，哈利呈现给这个世界的作品也是经过多年的练习、重写、阅读并且
经过润色之后才得以形成的。与大多数作家一样，一路走来，吉米·哈利不得不经受多次的失望与拒绝，但是这一切更坚定了他获取成功的决心。他生命中所取
得的一切，都是依靠自己艰苦的努力所获得的。他在文学领域的成功也不例外。
Section IV Writing
Part A
Directions: Suppose professor Smith ask you to plan a debate on the theme of
city traffic, write an email to him.
3) Suggest a topic and with your reasons,
4) And your arrangement,
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Don't use your own name, use "Zhang Wei"instead. Don't write your address.(10
points)
【参考范文】
Dear Prof. Smith,
It’s my pleasure to plan the debate on city traffic, and I am writing mainly to put
forward advice on the topic of this debate and introduce my preliminary arrangements
concerned.
To begin with, the debate can be conducted with the topic of “By Bus or By
Bike” on the ground that a host of residents prefer convenient vehicles to reduce time
cost under the background of increasingly heavy city traffic. Therefore, the
participants in this debate can take an active part in it due to their real experience in
daily life. Regarding the arrangements of the debate, it will be held in the auditorium
on our campus Dec.28th,2018. Anyone interested in this debate can apply for
participation at the Students’ Union Office before Dec. 24th. Finally, a watch will be
awarded to the winner of the debate .
It will be highly appreciated if you could give me an early reply or some
comments on my plan.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Wei
【参考范文译文】
尊敬的史密斯教授，非常荣幸能够组织这次有关城市交通的辩论。我写信来主要是提议这次辩论
的主题并介绍有关此次辩论的初步安排。
首先，这次辩论可以围绕“开车还是骑车”展开，因为在城市交通日益拥堵
的背景下, 很多人更喜欢便捷的交通方式以节约时间成本。因此，这次辩论的参
与者可以根据日常生活中的实际经验积极参与到辩论中来。关于这次辩论的安
排：举办时间为 2018 年 10 月 28 日，地点在我校礼堂;获奖者会得到一块手表。
如
果您给早日回复我或者给我提一些建议和意见，我会非常感激。
您真诚的，
张伟
Part B
Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
【参考范文】
This bar chart above looks into the choices that concern graduates most when
they settle down after schooling. With the staggering economy, most graduates
choose to find a job after they leave school, even though there is a decline of about 8percentage in 2018, comparing that in 2013. The least part of them choose to establish
their own business after graduation, with 1.3 percentage in 2013 and 2.6 percentage in
2018. As to the students who ask for further study, it accounts for 26.3 percentage in
2013 and 34 percentage in 2018. Besides, we can see from the chart that more
students choose to continue to study instead of working after education，comparing
those in 2013.
This reflects a change of attitudes of graduates towards life after schooling. I can
find no better reasons for this phenomenon other than the following two. On the one
hand, most graduates want to find a break after four-year study at school. This
indicates that youth today are eager to face challenges and want to put what they have
learned into practice. On the other hand, students are facing an ever intense
competition owing to the expansion of enrollment. Most students have to do their
further study. Hardly can such students find favorable jobs.
It is high time that we took effective measures to solve the problem. For one
thing, it is essential that proper polices be worked out to promote students’ to run their
own business. For another, students should be educated to get well-prepared for their
future work. Only with this measure can our society improve for a sound
development.
【参考范文译文】
以上的柱形图分析了高校毕业生在毕业后的选择。随着经济的迅速发展，大
多数的毕业生选择就业，尽管比较 2013 年的数据，2018 年有 8 个百分点的下降。
最少比例的大学生选择创业，其中百分之 34 比例的学生选择继续学习深造，另
外，数据显示 2018 年选择继续深造的学生有上升的趋势。
上图的分析显示了大学生的生活态度和抉择。有两个因素可以解释这个现
象。第一，大多数的毕业生想在毕业后不在学习而是进入工作状态。他们愿意接
受更具有挑战的生活状态，把学习的知识实际用于生活。第二点，学生现在面临
着更严峻的竞争环境。大多数学生无法找到心仪的工作，而不得不选择继续深造。
我们应该采取有效地措施来缓解这样的现象。首先，国家应该出具相应的政
策来帮助学生自己创业。其次，学生们应该在学校期间做好充分的准备，才可以
迎接毕业后的就业选择。只有这样，我们的社会才可以健康发展。